epidermis

"As alternatives to autologous skin grafts, artificial skin substitutes including cultured epidermis and reconstituted skins have been developed," says the lead author of the study Dr. Hisato Nagano.

With this delivery method, drugs can pass through the tough outer layer of the epidermis, which can't be penetrated by creams applied to the skin.

In insects, specific genes became specialised in muscles and in the epidermis for cuticle formation, contributing to their ability to fly.

Building upon this achievement, the team integrated a high-resolution imaging system to observe real samples such as onion epidermis, validating the possibility of commercializing metalenses.

The disease occurs in basal cells, which are found within the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin.