outermost

This internal process allows the star to be steady and not crushed by the weight of its outermost layers.

The new planet belongs to a category of rare worlds called "hot Neptunes" because they share many similarities with the solar system's outermost, frozen giant despite being far closer to their host stars and far hotter.

The difference between the speed of the fast and slow solar wind is thought to be due to the different areas of the Sun's corona, the outermost layer of its atmosphere, that they originate from.

In a paper appearing in Nature, researchers at MIT, the University of Edinburgh, and elsewhere find that the sun's magnetic field could arise from instabilities within the sun's outermost layers.

If the sun's magnetic field does in fact arise from its outermost layers, this might give scientists a better chance at forecasting flares and geomagnetic storms that have the potential to damage satellites and telecommunications systems.