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It has been especially relevant to athletics, in which South African middle distance runner Caster Semenya - who was born with DSD condition 46 XY 5-ARD - twice won Olympic 800m gold.

The most famous example is Caster Semenya - a double Olympic gold medallist and three-time world champion over 800m, though Dr Alun Williams says there is not direct evidence that DSD athletes have the same advantage as typical males.

Anyone with the same condition as Caster Semenya has a mutation within that gene that stops it functioning normally.

The Paris Games was immediately lumped together with previous disagreements over South African runner Caster Semenya and U.S. collegiate swimmer Lia Thomas.

The chair of the panel, Annabelle Bennett of Australia, also oversaw the case brought by two-time Olympic champion runner Caster Semenya that later went to the European Court of Human Rights.