test substance

Four crab-eating macaques, each about 2 years old, had to be euthanized due to “potential adverse effects” after they were given an incorrect dose of a test substance, according to a Nov. 11 U.S.

A fifth primate suffered an arm fracture when an employee attempted to restrain the animal to administer a test substance, and a pig sustained a broken limb, which went undiagnosed for 15 days, the report said.

The spirit is a handy test substance because of its complexity: its main components—water and barley or other cereals—and its production method create unique chemical and biological signatures.

If the placebo does not look, taste and smell just like the test substance it could, even subconsciously, be identified as a placebo by some test subjects who would then not experience any placebo effect.

The less free radical damage there is, the higher the antioxidant capacity of the test substance.