lower than

"The cost of mutating an enhancer is therefore often lower than the cost of mutating the gene directly," says Mariam Museridze.

She boosted the Animal Services budget by 18% — much lower than the 56% increase sought by the department — then trimmed the budget slightly the following fiscal year.

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have now discovered that after an injury, the rate of cell renewal is even lower than in a healthy heart.

When comparing land and ocean, Sippel noticed a systematic deviation: at the beginning of the 20th century, ocean temperatures were lower than in previous decades, while over land air temperatures remained relatively constant.

Although the centenarians there were as old as they said they were, he found that the proportion of people living into their hundreds was much lower than in places such as Okinawa or Sardinia.