draff

"Working with the team to prepare the malt, charge the stills, pitch the yeast, and finally 'draff out' was a great end-to-end view of the distilling process."

Inspired by the girls she went to school with in Belfast who, as she wrote in the performance publication Draff, practiced disco dancing for competitions, Doherty’s strident, tough army echoes her memory of them: “Wiping sexuality and shapes out into space like weapons.”

Edinburgh-based Celtic Renewables has developed a process to manufacture the biofuel biobutanol from draff and pot ale - barley kernels and a yeasty liquid that are produced when whisky is made and then usually thrown away.

It is made from kernels of barley called draff, and pot ale - a yeasty liquid left over from fermentation.

Almost 750,000 tonnes of draff and two billion litres of pot ale are produced by the malt whisky industry in Scotland every year.