discouraging

"Very, very discouraging to hit somebody that's not reacting to it. But that body shot, no matter how tough you are, the liver's the liver."

That wasn't the only apparent effort at discouraging turnout that voters faced in the City of Brotherly Love.

To avoid discouraging students, some school districts did away with D and F grades.

Earlier this month, some business owners who run coffeeshops, bookshops and bars in Shanghai received government notices discouraging Halloween events, the BBC understands.

Luigi Brugnaro said the objective was remained that of discouraging tourists from visiting the city on the same days "to give Venice the respect it deserves".