collectivization

Ukrainian villages have bounced back before, from war, famine and collectivization.

The first Five-Year Plan seized this land for the state under a program called “collectivization.”

There, she discovered that Mao’s earlier experiment with collectivization had been a disaster.

Forced collectivization of agriculture under Joseph Stalin, Lenin’s successor as the Soviet leader, drove a wave of famine in the early 1930s.

Resistance to collectivization and the policy’s inefficiencies aggravated famines; Ukraine’s 1932-33 “Holodomor” killed an estimated 4 million people, and many term it an outright genocide.