tested

The fast food giant resumed sales of the burger in all of its restaurants in America after it said samples of its beef patties, taken by the Colorado Department of Agriculture, tested negative for the bacteria.

Familiar intellectual property has already been tested with audiences, in the same way that films based on video games, comic books or novels have a built-in base.

It is a method tested “in the most austere, complex environments in which people are shooting at us and people are dying,” he says.

Following his recent terminal cancer diagnosis, Olympic cyclist Sir Chris Hoy has called for more, younger men to be tested - including those with a family history of the disease - and the government has asked the NHS to examine the evidence again.

The trade-off between the risks and benefits of being tested is “very nuanced, very personal”, Prof Ahmed says, and what is acceptable to one man will be unacceptable to another.