refiner

As Australia aims to become more of a lithium refiner, government scientists are continuing to research ways to do this in a more environmentally friendly way.

Patrick Schein, a refiner and a board member at the Alliance For Responsible Mining, said the word can create the illusion that the recycling process always yields “newly born gold that is ethically acceptable.”

In January US-based startup Bonumose, with the assistance of ASR Group, the world's largest refiner of cane sugar, opened a new plant to produce another - tagatose - also at lower cost.

This includes a rail link from southern China to the Vietnamese port of Haiphong, which passes through a region that has some of Vietnam's richest rare earth deposits - China is the world's biggest exporter and refiner of the minerals which are essential to produce electric vehicles and renewable energy.

The trial is also expected to include testimony that a former chief executive officer of U.S. refiner Citgo Petroleum - which is owned by state-owned oil company Petroleos de Venezuela - helped Orense launder money in the mid-2000s, according to court records and a lawyer involved in a parallel case.