lower

His party has traditionally backed strong state intervention and lower taxes, and campaigned for leftist economic policies.

The economists found that children from higher-ranked, non-stigmatised caste groups in India stood at 27% - markedly lower than the Sub-Saharan African rate.

Some economists have argued that the differences are genetic - that Indian children are genetically disposed to lower heights.

Universities that traditionally required higher entry grades have fared better, because they have simply taken a bigger share by accepting some students with lower results.

This has led to lower recruitment and increased pressure in universities that accept middling grades, and some smaller institutions.