skin

With external devices, the electrical impulses need to travel through skin, tissue, muscle and fat so it's not as simple and direct as a stimulator in the body.

"Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition driven by the immune system and often precedes the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis," explained medical student Tristan Nguyen, BS, the lead author of the study.

The skin is crisp, and the meat is tender, barely holding onto the bone.

Those affected often develop early skin wrinkling, loss of skin elasticity, reduced body fat, hair loss, hardened arteries, and insulin resistance.

They also directly threaten patient well-being by encouraging racial discrimination in the provision of care, including preferential access to care based on skin color, not medical condition.