confounding

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

The study is cross-sectional, which means it cannot determine cause and effect and may be influenced by confounding factors or reverse causation.

From Science Daily • Apr. 13, 2026

I am sure I am not alone in seeking clarity around the issue of the exodus of local talent to Missouri, Oregon State, Texas, North Carolina, Nevada, and even more confounding, USC.

From Los Angeles Times • Mar. 28, 2026

The evidence on the shingles vaccine and dementia comes from the equivalent of a gold-standard natural experiment where the influence of such confounding variables has been minimized, he says.

From MarketWatch • Mar. 7, 2026

One particularly confounding and repeated grievance is the film’s title.

From Salon • Feb. 23, 2026

But, as with many crimes against American Indians, the question of which government entity had jurisdiction over the Osage murders was confounding.

From "Killers of the Flower Moon" by David Grann