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confounding

[kon-foun-ding, kuhn-] / kɒnˈfaʊn dɪŋ, kən- /














Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

Because Golding’s account of his death was so deliberately confounding, I wasn’t sure what happened.

From Los Angeles Times • Jun. 9, 2026

For those who know of exorcisms primarily from horror movies, the news of a professional exorcist in the nation’s capital causing drama may have been a bit confounding.

From Slate • Jun. 8, 2026

“We cannot look at this single liver case in a silo,” Raffat wrote, adding that “such cases do tend to occur on other GLPs as well because of various confounding factors.”

From Barron's • May 4, 2026

The study is cross-sectional, which means it cannot determine cause and effect and may be influenced by confounding factors or reverse causation.

From Science Daily • Apr. 13, 2026

Those include confounding effects of natural variation in additional variables besides the one of interest, as well as problems in inferring chains of causation from observed correlations between variables.

From "Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies" by Jared M. Diamond




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