✅ To appear means to become visible or come into sight (Mountains slowly appeared in the distance as we drove).
✅ Materialize refers to something becoming real or actual, often suddenly or unexpectedly (The ghost materialized out of thin air, startling everyone in the room).
✅ Both terms are used to describe something coming into view or existence.
✅ While appear often applies to visual perception and is more commonly used, materialize is more dramatic, often implying something almost magical (The rabbit didn’t just appear from the hat — it materialized, stunning the audience).

✅ A hospital is a large medical facility where people receive treatment for illnesses and injuries (He was admitted to the hospital after the accident).

✅ An infirmary is a smaller medical facility, often within an institution or school (The infirmary treated minor injuries and illnesses).

✅ Both terms refer to places where medical care is provided.

✅ A hospital is used for large, comprehensive medical centers, while infirmary is typically used for smaller, often institutional facilities such as military bases, universities, monasteries, and prisons.

✅ To swear means to make a solemn declaration or affirmation, often under oath (He swore to tell the truth in court).

✅ To testify means to give evidence or bear witness in a formal setting (She was called to testify about what she saw).

✅ Both terms involve making statements under oath or in legal contexts.

✅ Swear can be used in a broader range of formal affirmations, while testify specifically refers to giving evidence in legal situations (The judge swore to uphold the law; I testified during the trial).