✅ Sorry means feeling regret or sorrow for something that has been done (I'm sorry for being late).

✅ Penitent refers to feeling or expressing deep remorse, often in a moral or religious context (The penitent monk confessed his sins).

✅ Both words involve feelings of regret or remorse.

✅ Sorry is frequently used in everyday situations, while penitent suggests something more serious or solemn and often involves a desire to correct the wrongdoing or seek forgiveness (The child was sorry for drawing on the wall; The penitent man begged the jury to consider his side of the story).

✅ Catastrophe refers to a severe disaster or event with extreme consequences (The hurricane was a catastrophe for the coastal towns, causing extensive damage to buildings).

✅ Debacle describes a complete failure, often embarrassing or chaotic (The product launch turned into a debacle when nothing worked).

✅ Both words describe major failures or disasters.

✅ While catastrophe often refers to natural or large-scale disasters, debacle is more commonly used for smaller-scale or human-made failures (The oil spill caused an environmental catastrophe, sickening many fish in the ocean; The meeting was a debacle because no one had prepared).

✅ Someone or something hostile is openly mean or aggressive (The dog's hostile growl made me back away).

✅ Factious refers to causing or relating to internal divisions or conflicts within a group (The factious debate split the committee into two camps).

✅ Both words involve conflict.

✅ Hostile pertains more to direct aggression or confrontation, while factious is often used in political contexts to mean contributing to division within a group (The teenager showed a hostile attitude toward her parents after being grounded; The factious nature of the city council meeting was exhausting).