✅ Polite means showing good manners and respect for others (She gave a polite smile to the stranger).

✅ Courteous refers to being especially considerate and respectful in one's behavior (The waiter was very courteous and attentive).

✅ Both words describe behavior that is respectful and well-mannered.

✅ Polite can be used in everyday social situations, while courteous often carries a more formal tone, suggesting a higher level of attentiveness (Their new neighbor was polite at the dinner party; The hotel staff was courteous to all their guests).

✅ Indecision refers to the inability to make a decision or commit to a course of action (Her indecision about where to go for dinner was frustrating).

✅ Vacillation refers to wavering between different options or opinions (His vacillation between job offers made him miss both opportunities).

✅ Both words describe hesitation in making a decision.

✅ Indecision is more about being stuck in uncertainty, while vacillation suggests constantly going back and forth between choices (His indecision cost him the last available concert ticket; My vacillation annoyed everyone waiting for an answer).

✅ Gloomy means dark, depressing, or filled with sadness (The rain made the kids feel gloomy because they couldn’t play outside).

✅ Despondent means feeling hopeless or in low spirits, often from a sense of failure (He became despondent after losing his job).

✅ Both words describe low or negative emotional states.

✅ Gloomy is often used for atmospheres or general feelings, while despondent refers more to personal emotions or situations (The student’s gloomy disposition made the whole class feel sad; After the rejection, I was despondent for weeks).