✅ Hopeful describes something that expresses hope or suggests that everything will turn out alright (After several tests, we finally had a hopeful result).

✅ Upbeat describes something that is positive and cheerful or that reflects a cheerful attitude (He tried to always greet people in a friendly, upbeat way).

✅ Both these words describe positive feelings.

✅ Upbeat suggests a cheerful attitude or sense of positivity, whereas hopeful suggests the possibility of things being okay without them being okay at the moment (The movie had a sad but ultimately hopeful ending).

✅ Testy describes someone who is irritable and impatient (I woke up feeling testy and annoyed with everyone).

✅ Grouchy describes someone who is sulky and unhappy in an irritated way (He was feeling grouchy after he lost the football game).

✅ Both of these words can be used to describe people who are irritable and behaving in a snappish, bad-tempered way.

✅ Testy is more specific than grouchy. It suggests impatience, either with another person or with circumstances, that is not necessarily suggested by grouchy.

✅ Resolved describes something that has been explained or decided (He was resolved to go away for a week).

✅ Settled describes something that has been decided or agreed on (When we felt settled about who would do which chores, we didn’t fight as much).

✅ Both of these words describe things that have been decided, agreed on, or figured out.

✅ Resolved emphasizes a sense of determination, whereas settled emphasizes coming to an agreement (The question about who is in charge of food is settled).