oil palm

Southeast Asia's tropical forests are renowned for their biodiversity, but at the same time face significant threats from the expansion of oil palm plantations.

Ultimately, however, coconuts occupy essentially the same acreage worldwide as oil palms.

In Indonesian Borneo, or Kalimantan, oil palm plantations threaten durian diversity by leaving less room for diverse species of durian to be cultivated.

Approximately one-quarter of the watershed has been turned into oil palm plantations.

In the 2010s there was gargantuan oil palm, timber and large-scale plantation expansion across Indonesia.