more adverse

"It is possible that children who experience more adverse events in early life than their siblings, like suffering an injury or being excluded from school, develop a heightened sensitivity to household chaos that then has long-term effects on their mental health," she said.

Among participants who reported three or more adverse experiences, nearly a quarter had a psychiatric diagnosis of depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, substance abuse disorder or stress disorder.

“I see far more adverse outcomes in people who use edibles,” Reiff said.

The other two non-affluent patterns were also associated generally with more adverse outcomes compared with the affluent pattern.

High school students who reported four or more adverse childhood experiences before the age of nine were nearly four times more likely to be suspended or expelled compared to students who had no adverse childhood experiences, according to the journal Social Science Research.