like for like

"Students worked hard all year and, on a like for like basis, improved their marks in the exam significantly this year, but still received a grade 3 in both years," he said.

The research team underscores the necessity to compare like for like when assessing progress towards the Paris Agreement with countries needing to achieve more ambitious climate action when comparing their national starting points with global models.

The Paris-based group, which owns labels ranging from Maybelline to Lancome, said on Thursday that sales for the three months to the end of September came to 10 billion euros, an 11.1% rise on a like for like basis at comparable scope and constant exchange rates, just below expectations for an 11.5% rise according to consensus estimates cited by Barclays.

"This is like for like. You are not changing anything when it comes to quality."

"The variable costs for an electric car are higher. It will remain that way for the foreseeable future," Kaellenius told journalists at the IAA car show in Munich, adding higher costs could not be passed on to customers on a like for like basis.