protectorate

Prempeh was the Asante king, or "Asantehene", of the late 19th Century who resisted British demands that his territory be swallowed up into the expanding Gold Coast protectorate.

"Our common history also has dark parts. The time came for unequal treaties, when hubris and the mechanical force of European countries imposed themselves around the world, and when, even disguised as a protectorate, Morocco did not escape the ambitions and the violence of colonial history," he said.

But they are believed to have been intentionally introduced in East Africa around 1890s in a bid to tackle a mounting waste problem on the Zanzibar archipelago, then a British protectorate.

In 1903, British colonial rulers in Africa floated the so-called Uganda plan, which would offer a section of the East Africa Protectorate as a homeland for Jews.

In Africa, French and British troops invaded the German protectorate of Togoland, while German forces attacked the British colony of South Africa.