substituting for

To an even greater extent than the neoliberal economists, she fashioned an ideology that is simply the worst of the Marxist-Leninism she escaped stood on its head, with a heroic Übermensch substituting for the proletarian masses.

Rome, too, had long thought vaults could be a gene therapy vector or carry mRNAs for vaccines—substituting for the lipid nanoparticles in COVID-19 shots, for example.

In one case, the Fed might feel compelled to follow the market higher and meet those expectations; in the other, investors are essentially helping the Fed along and substituting for further Fed hikes, Meyer and his colleagues wrote.

But with all the quirky needle drops substituting for real mood, and the flippant dialogue spelling everything out for us, this “Cat Person” proves as susceptible to misreading the vibe as its crossed-wires characters.

A couple weeks later, Mr. Bernstein invited him to make his formal Philharmonic debut, substituting for the eminent pianist Glenn Gould.