quantify

However, a lack of data means it is hard to quantify the scale of the contamination, and where tainted drinks enter the supply chain.

They quantified plastic bag sales by analyzing barcode scanner data on consumer purchases.

The research employed a combination of field and laboratory studies, starting with quantifying pesticide residues at suitable hibernation sites for bumble bee queens on Ontario farms.

But Dr Brown argues there is also a hit to Australia’s reputation which is harder to quantify, pointing to Canada as a warning.

The authors analyzed the collar data and quantified human recreation in the area using a global database of GPS-tracked activities that users opted to make public.