overlying

As a result, the top few inches of soil or rock heat up rapidly over the course of a day, and in turn warm the overlying air.

"There are places where the water is almost at the pressure of the overlying ice, so just a little more pressure is needed to push up the ice," Rignot said.

It is this stray field which produces new magnetic microstructures in the overlying ferromagnetic layer: spins emanate radially from the structure centre, as in a radial vortex.

A wide residential and commercial block, known as "Region 9", is being cleared of several metres of overlying pumice and ash thrown out by Vesuvius almost 2,000 years ago.

Dating the overlying salt crusts was more tricky since radiocarbon dating requires organic material to analyze.