on the surface

The blockage of blood flow is primarily driven by a family of about 60 virulent proteins, called PfEMP1, present on the surface of infected red blood cells.

One of campaigners' main concerns in regards to landmines is the danger these weapons present to civilians, killing indiscriminately as they are buried underground or scattered on the surface.

On the surface, that sounds like hypocrisy.

They then tested how each of these materials interacted with the airborne water, which led to the creation of the new water-collecting materials, Janus crystals, that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions on the surface level, one to capture water and one to transfer it to a receptacle for collection.

By adding small molecules to the blood sample, they can expose these important proteins on the surface of nanoparticles, making them easier to spot using mass spectrometry -- a technique that uses electric and magnetic fields to separate and analyze ionized particles.