manufacturing

In some cases, though, companies will be able to absorb tariffs or higher production costs if shifting manufacturing locations.

"There are about 4,000 tons of lead-based electronic waste generated from these sensors every year, and this research has the potential to remove this waste from the manufacturing process."

By World War II, even as scientists were manufacturing gallons of phages to combat cholera, dysentery, and gangrene in Stalingrad and Leningrad, much the West had given up on phages.

"The process is called sintering, which aggregates fine particles together into a more solid state. It is similar to powder metallurgy in the manufacturing of ceramics," continues Tsumori.

It influences decisions ranging from the manufacturing sector to trade restrictions and technology regulation.