loudness

It has been well documented that a song's volume, or loudness, over time -- what's known as "amplitude modulation" -- is relatively steady at 1-2 Hz.

The sounds were kept at a moderate volume of 65 decibels—about the same loudness as a conversation in a bar or city traffic—and they couldn’t be heard by the parent birds.

“Saviors” revisits the production approach of the so-called “loudness war” of the 1990s and 2000s, when it seemed studios sought to make, as Meat Loaf sang, “everything louder than everything else.”

This involved manipulating the patterns of loudness, or amplitude, change across time.

“It wasn’t helping me to express the loudness, to be the funkiest, to embody the story,” she said.