integrated circuit

But semiconductor engineers are running up against the physical limits of Moore’s Law, a long-held projection that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit will double every two years, making them smaller and faster.

Humans will not successfully navigate the energy transition by spreadsheet model, policy template, integrated circuit or CAD drawing alone.

As the integrated circuits that power our electronic devices get more powerful, they are also getting smaller.

The resulting integrated circuit occupies a 0.13-square-millimeter footprint that is smaller than phase shifters yet nearly doubles the channel-capacity -- i.e., data rate -- of conventional wireless arrays.

In recent decades, as the continuous scaling of transistors and integrated circuits has started to reach physical and economic limits, fabricating semiconductor devices in a controllable and cost-effective manner has become challenging.