vortices

This behavior, known as one-dimensional pinning-free vortex flow, means the vortices can travel along a defined path without encountering the usual obstacles that restrict their movement.

From Science Daily ● Oct. 16, 2026

Being able to control where these vortices travel could therefore help scientists improve superconducting devices.

From Science Daily ● Oct. 16, 2026

In effect, the steps acted like tiny rails, creating preferred pathways for quantum vortices to follow.

From Science Daily ● Oct. 16, 2026

Using scanning tunneling microscopy, a technique capable of imaging surfaces at the atomic level, the researchers confirmed that the steps ran parallel to one another and directly observed vortices positioned along them.

From Science Daily ● Oct. 16, 2026

All of this can be explained very well in the atomic model of the world, but only with much greater difficulty using Cartesian vortices.

From "The Scientists" by John Gribbin