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Definitions

sham

[sham] / ʃæm /






Frequently Asked Questions

What is another word for sham?
The word sham commonly refers to something that’s not what it claims to be—some kind of fraud or fake. This sense of the word can even refer to a person, as in He’s a total fake, a sham—you should see what he’s really like.  Sham is often used even more specifically to refer to something that’s considered a scam, con, or hoax, as in This whole thing is a sham—they’re just trying to get your money.  Sometimes, sham refers to a situation that’s considered illegitimate for some reason, as in The trial was a sham—there wasn’t even a jury. Synonyms for this sense are farce and mockery. Sham can also be used as an adjective for any of these senses, as in sham trial (an illegitimate one), sham marriage (one in which the couple aren’t in a real relationship), or sham version (a fake or knockoff version).
How do you use sham in a sentence?
We use sham in a number of different ways, but they all involve some kind of falseness or fakeness. It’s usually always used negatively. Here are some examples of sham in a sentence:
  • The “charity” event was a sham—it was just an excuse for a tax write-off.
  • I knew something about him seemed fake, but I didn’t expect him to turn out to be a complete sham. 
  • The dictator is known for holding sham elections to give the appearance of legitimacy.

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

“What can be done differently such that it wouldn’t be a sham process?”

From The Wall Street Journal Sep. 2, 2026

The second group used the real and sham purifiers in reverse order.

From Science Daily Aug. 30, 2026

The purported poll by Median Strategies, reported in the California Post and touted on social media by Mayor Bass last week, was later exposed as a sham by The Times.

From Los Angeles Times Aug. 21, 2026

"They recruited US citizens to engage in sham marriages, arranged sham wedding ceremonies complete with officiants, wedding attire, photographers, and attendees," McDonald said.

From Barron's Aug. 12, 2026

Penn came away fairly well convinced the whole interview setup was a complete sham, and Julie herself was being kept on a tight rein somehow.

From "Code Name Verity" by Elizabeth Wein

In Minnesota, some Medicaid autism treatment centers, transportation providers and housing purveyors were shams.

From The Wall Street Journal Apr. 29, 2026

Falsified images and propaganda have been misleading people to worse ends for many years, but these recent shams are evidence of a culture-wide abandonment of a common reality.

From Salon Jan. 21, 2026

He knows he can turn proceduralist rules into shams, and he knows most of his staff is either too constrained to do anything about it or unaware of what’s really going on.

From Slate Dec. 2, 2021

The price of layers adds up, though, so when you choose bedding, you may want to start with the basics, then add decorative elements, such as throws, shams and quilts, over time.

From Seattle Times Nov. 22, 2021

“I don’t believe one whit in such shams, nor should you, Nell Warne.”

From "The Detective's Assistant" by Kate Hannigan

I don’t feel like I got shammed or look like a fool.

From Slate Jul. 19, 2018

The doctor who was called prescribed for acute rheumatism, and the way in which the patient shammed pain was pathetic.

From The White Lie by William Le Queux

I am quite sure that, once the Bear was gone, the comrade who had shammed dead under the animal's nose did not think of wasting time in stretching himself or rubbing his eyes.

From The Glow-Worm and Other Beetles by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos

It must be really serious, or she would have shammed agitation.

From Piccadilly A Fragment of Contemporary Biography by Laurence Oliphant

He shammed savage to get the irons on his legs, knowing how he might come by a file—which I don't, and it hasn't come out, that I see.

From When Ghost Meets Ghost by William Frend De Morgan

We have become so inured to all the shamming in plain sight that having it confirmed years later barely even feel like news.

From Slate Jul. 22, 2021

When a man grows insane, they treat him as shamming.

From Slate Jun. 16, 2018

We hope that, like the seemingly mad Edgar in King Lear, Daryl is just shamming – and that he will, like the Shakespearean dissembler, cast off his mask and take out the evil trash.

From The Guardian Nov. 14, 2016

If your point is that Peter is only shamming about his politics, how do you explain this willingness to be imprisoned for them?

From The Guardian Oct. 5, 2010

He was not even sure if Cluny was shamming, pretending that his injuries were severe merely as some kind of test or trap that he had set for his captains.

From "Redwall" by Brian Jacques




Vocabulary lists containing sham


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