shah

By the time the shah fell, Iran’s water systems were flourishing.

Javidnia came to the U.S. in 1978 as a teenager, a year before revolution would lead to the overthrow of the shah and establishment of the Islamic Republic.

Founded as a left-wing Muslim group, it previously staunchly opposed the shah.

Back then, many groups of Iranians opposed to the shah — communists, secularists, Islamists — got behind Ayatollah Khomeini’s revolution.

Alimouri’s “bleeding heart” came from his father, who fled Iran after opposing both the shah and the country’s Islamic regime, finding work in the United States as a chauffeur.