oxidation

This specifically remarkable as resistance to oxidation and ductility still cannot be predicted sufficiently to allow a targeted material design -- despite the great progress that has been achieved in computer-assisted materials development.

“On Earth, the majority of atmospheric oxygen is derived from biological activity, making the nature of surface oxidation important for understanding the potential for past life on Mars,” Loeb said.

Without bicarbonate or CO₂ present in experimental DNA oxidation reactions, the chemistry is also different.

The oxidation states of individual elements could also be determined locally.

With black tea, after the leaves are picked they're exposed to air, which leads to oxidation.