herder

The state and the wider central Nigeria region has for years suffered deadly clashes between farmers and herders over dwindling land, as well as attacks from armed criminals widely described as "bandits".

Born in 1951, the 74-year-old devout Roman Catholic was the son of a cattle herder and the eighth of nine children.

"The bodies were scattered … riddled with bullets. There wasn't a single body out there that had fewer than three bullet holes. The bullets had hit people in the back, arms, head," a herder told HRW.

He adds that because more extreme and longer heatwaves will occur more frequently in the Arctic in the future, "reindeer herders might end up having to build big barns to provide shade for their animals".

The cattle dog is a high-energy herder who thrives on activity.