footfall

At the start of the working week, TfL said footfall on London Overground and Elizabeth line services increased by 31%, noting that these lines had likely been absorbing displaced Tube passengers.

Younger people were now "far more likely" to discover new brands through TikTok than in a shopping centre - and with footfall still well below pre-Covid levels, it had hit Claire's very hard.

"River Island has maintained an expensive portfolio of stores at a time when costs are rising and footfall is falling," she told the BBC.

"These measures lower out-of-pocket costs for families and indirectly benefit parks through higher footfall," said Ms Nandini.

In recent years, many high-end malls with flagship luxury stores have opened up in big cities - but they rarely see significant footfall.