electron

Understanding how multiple electrons move under strong laser exposure remains difficult because a complete quantum mechanical treatment is still out of reach for such complex systems.

In photochemistry, light energizes the catalyst, and the excited catalyst must encounter another molecule through diffusion in order to pass along an electron.

Sources that produce cosmic rays are powerful enough to propel protons or electrons to energies far beyond what the most advanced human-made particle accelerators can reach.

When two photons strike the particle at the same moment and are absorbed together, they can remove a single electron.

The researchers measured the speed of soundwaves traveling through the treated quartz, then opened the cylinders and examined the samples using electron microscopy.