cronyism

Stuart Andrew, the shadow culture minister, said the appointment of Kogan was "Labour cronyism" and added Nandy "belatedly" stepping aside was "a necessary move that highlights just how compromised this selection has become".

His Democratic Alliance political party is part of South Africa's coalition government and has been a vocal critic of the ANC's empowerment policies, saying they lead to cronyism and corruption.

He accused MBN management of entering into needless, multimillion-dollar expansions of bureaus that went wildly over budget, all amid a culture of cronyism that often left the wrong people in place for too long.

Such protectionism has also led to allegations of cronyism.

The signs include “identification of enemies as a unifying cause,” “controlled mass media,” “corporate power protected,” “labor power suppressed,” “disdain for intellectuals and the arts,” “obsession with crime and punishment,”and “rampant cronyism & corruption.”