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Chief Constable Gavin Stephens, chair of the National Police Chiefs' Council, told the BBC people in leadership positions in the UK needed to think about how to "reduce and diffuse tension and not sow division".

She also said she did not find aspects of the evidence of Assistant Chief Constable Gary Ritchie, who has now retired, to be satisfactory.

Assistant Chief Constable Glen Pavelin said that while most protesters had participated safely, "the right to protest does not include a right to commit crime".

Chief Constable Mark Roberts of Cheshire Police, which led the investigation, said the messages sent to Carter were "appalling" and "nobody should be subjected to such racist abuse".

The interim Chief Constable of Devon and Cornwall Police has agreed to stay in the job for another 16 months.