causality

Hood and one of his passengers managed to clamber out of the Mercedes without getting help for the causalities, some of whom had life-threatening injuries.

A paper listed as support for the myocarditis threat, for example, states, “no causality can be assumed or established” linking the condition to the vaccine because of the lack of a control group for comparison.

When the world feels chaotic, a story — however false — that names culprits and draws lines of causality can feel more tolerable than the admission that many things are beyond our control.

"This study cannot determine causality — for example, whether screen use causes insomnia or if students with insomnia use screens more," said Dr Hjetland.

“Of course, those who are healthy find it easier to work, raising their income. So it is not obvious which way the causality runs.”