caldera

The eruption does not begin with the entire caldera exploding at once.

From Science Daily ● Sep. 22, 2026

Anak Krakatau, which means Child of Krakatoa, has been sporadically active since it emerged from the sea at the beginning of last century in the caldera formed after the 1883 eruption of Mount Krakatoa.

From BBC ● Sep. 7, 2026

The volcano has been sporadically active since it emerged from the sea at the beginning of last century in the caldera that formed after the 1883 eruption of Mount Krakatoa.

From Barron's ● Sep. 6, 2026

Anak Krakatoa, which means Child of Krakatoa, has been sporadically active since it emerged from the sea at the beginning of last century in the caldera formed after the 1883 eruption of Mount Krakatoa.

From BBC ● Sep. 6, 2026

Empedocles is said to have died in an apotheotic fit by leaping into the hot lava at the summit caldera of the great volcano of Aetna.

From "Cosmos" by Carl Sagan

The findings support a broader model in which fresh magma gradually enters and rebuilds reservoirs beneath giant calderas after major eruptions.

From Science Daily ● Jul. 29, 2026

Earth MRI has already shown that lithium prospectors need not stick to calderas.

From Science Magazine ● Jun. 1, 2023

But more modest levels of internal heating have given the moon a subsurface ocean and an icy crust rather than lava-spewing calderas.

From Scientific American ● Apr. 24, 2023

Relics of primordial geological violence are everywhere: plunging rifts and canyons, volcanic calderas, ancient lava flow and a vast, surreal, white desert, almost lunar.

From New York Times ● Nov. 4, 2022

The lava in the calderas boils because of escaping steam, but the vapor emitted is comparatively little, and seldom hangs above the summits in heavy clouds.

From The Elements of Geology by William Harmon Norton